qgis - How can I calculate the shortest path between 2 points and insert the line result as a feature in a layer?

I try to make a script to find the shortest path between two bridges in a network. The goal is to get after each calculation a line that I insert as an entity in a predefined layer. For now I do well to make calculations but when I change the coordinates to make another calculation nothing appears even if I heard the new entity that is inserted in my table.

from PyQt4.QtCore import *
from PyQt4.QtGui import *
from qgis.core import *
from qgis.gui import *

from qgis.networkanalysis import *

#building the graph**
vl = qgis.utils.iface.mapCanvas().currentLayer()
director = QgsLineVectorLayerDirector(vl, -1, '', '', '', 3)
properter = QgsDistanceArcProperter()
director.addProperter(properter)
crs = qgis.utils.iface.mapCanvas().mapRenderer().destinationCrs()
builder = QgsGraphBuilder(crs)


#coordinates of the Start point and endPoint** 
pStart = QgsPoint(4.820590,45.838684)
pStop = QgsPoint(4.822459,45.837933)
tiedPoints = director.makeGraph(builder, [pStart, pStop])
graph = builder.graph()

#Calculation of the shortest path**    
tStart = tiedPoints[0]
tStop = tiedPoints[1]


idStart = graph.findVertex(tStart)
idStop = graph.findVertex(tStop)

(tree, cost) = QgsGraphAnalyzer.dijkstra(graph, idStart, 0)

if tree[idStop] == -1:
  print "Path not found"
else:
  p = []
  curPos = idStop

  while curPos != idStart:
    pnt = graph.vertex(graph.arc(tree[curPos]).inVertex()).point()

    p.append(pnt)

    curPos = graph.arc(tree[curPos]).outVertex()

  p.append(tStart)

  # Object generated after the calculation a qgsRubberBand**   

  rb = QgsRubberBand(qgis.utils.iface.mapCanvas())
  rb.setColor(Qt.red)

 #I build here a polyline based on the points in the p[] array
geom = QgsGeometry.fromPolyline(p)

for pnt in p:
    rb.addPoint(pnt)

 # I add here my result in a memory layer called cable and i want to do it for every feature i get after transforming the qgsrubberband object     


v_layer = None
for layer in QgsMapLayerRegistry.instance().mapLayers().values():
   if layer.name() == 'cable':
        v_layer = layer
if v_layer is None: 
    v_layer = QgsVectorLayer("LineString", "cable", "memory")
    v_layer.addAttribute(QgsField("id", QVariant.String))
    v_layer.addAttribute(QgsField("type", QVariant.String))
    QgsMapLayerRegistry.instance().addMapLayers([v_layer])


pr = v_layer.dataProvider()
v_layer.startEditing()


seg = QgsFeature()
seg.setGeometry(geom)
pr.addFeatures( [seg] )



v_layer.commitChanges()

Answer

Your code is working for me without problem. I've try it in the QGIS python console.

When i run it with a first start and end point, i get the red line in the cable layer then i run the script with others start and end point and i get the yellow line added in the same layer.

and what i get in the attribute table (length and geom calculate with the field calculator)

I just remove the part of the code using QgsRubberBand as it was useless. The code I used:

from PyQt4.QtCore import *
from PyQt4.QtGui import *
from qgis.core import *
from qgis.gui import *

from qgis.networkanalysis import *

#building the graph**
vl = qgis.utils.iface.mapCanvas().currentLayer()
director = QgsLineVectorLayerDirector(vl, -1, '', '', '', 3)
properter = QgsDistanceArcProperter()
director.addProperter(properter)
crs = qgis.utils.iface.mapCanvas().mapRenderer().destinationCrs()
builder = QgsGraphBuilder(crs)


#coordinates of the Start point and endPoint** 
pStart = QgsPoint(-1.041,0.916)
pStop = QgsPoint(-0.813,0.152)
tiedPoints = director.makeGraph(builder, [pStart, pStop])
graph = builder.graph()

#Calculation of the shortest path**    
tStart = tiedPoints[0]
tStop = tiedPoints[1]


idStart = graph.findVertex(tStart)
idStop = graph.findVertex(tStop)

(tree, cost) = QgsGraphAnalyzer.dijkstra(graph, idStart, 0)

if tree[idStop] == -1:
  print "Path not found"
else:
  p = []
  curPos = idStop

  while curPos != idStart:
    pnt = graph.vertex(graph.arc(tree[curPos]).inVertex()).point()

    p.append(pnt)

    curPos = graph.arc(tree[curPos]).outVertex()

  p.append(tStart)

 #I build here a polyline based on the points in the p[] array

geom = QgsGeometry.fromPolyline(p)


 # I add here my result in a memory layer called cable and i want to do it for every feature i get after transforming the qgsrubberband object     

v_layer = None
for layer in QgsMapLayerRegistry.instance().mapLayers().values():
   if layer.name() == 'cable':
        v_layer = layer
if v_layer is None: 

    v_layer = QgsVectorLayer("LineString", "cable", "memory")
    v_layer.addAttribute(QgsField("id", QVariant.String))
    v_layer.addAttribute(QgsField("type", QVariant.String))
    QgsMapLayerRegistry.instance().addMapLayers([v_layer])

pr = v_layer.dataProvider()
v_layer.startEditing()


seg = QgsFeature()

seg.setGeometry(geom)
pr.addFeatures( [seg] )


v_layer.commitChanges()