installation - Installing GeoServer

I have edited my post to make it look more clear.

I wanted to upgrade GeoServer from v.2.7.1 to v.2.10.1 on Ubunutu 14.4. I deployed v.2.7.1 in Tomcat Web Application Manager. I have downloaded v2.10.1, geoserver-2.10.1-war.zip and unzipped it in /var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/. Tomcat Web Application Manager is saying that geoserver is not running, http://myhostname:8080/geoserver/web returned HTTP Status 404.

server.xml in /var/lib/tomcat7/conf looks like:

           connectionTimeout="20000"
           URIEncoding="UTF-8"

           redirectPort="8443" />

Then I have undeployed v.2.10.1 and deployed v.2.7.1 a-g-a-i-n in the same configuration and it worked fine.

---

Edit:

I figured out that v.2.10.1 needs java8 to run, and previously I had java 7 running with tomcat7. I have uninstalled both of them and then install new versions java version "1.8.0_111" and Apache Tomcat/8.0.39 (https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-apache-tomcat-8-on-ubuntu-14-04 where in tomcat.conf I changed line env JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre to env JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre.

So now I have:

opt
├── gwc
├── java

└── tomcat

/opt/tomcat/webapps
├── docs
├── examples
├── geoserver
├── host-manager
├── manager
└── ROOT

Tomcat Web Application Manager says that GeoServer is running, however myhostname:8080/geoserver/web returned HTTP Status 404.

with catalina.sh run I get this:

$ ./catalina.sh run
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /opt/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.435 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version:        Apache Tomcat/8.0.39
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.438 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built:          Nov 9 2016 08:48:39 UTC

14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.438 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number:         8.0.39.0
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.438 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name:               Linux
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.438 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version:            3.16.0-30-generic
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.438 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture:          amd64
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.438 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home:             /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.438 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version:           1.8.0_111-b14
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.439 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor:            Oracle Corporation
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.439 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE:         /opt/tomcat
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.439 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME:         /opt/tomcat
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.439 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/tomcat/conf/logging.properties

14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.439 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.439 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.439 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.440 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/opt/tomcat/endorsed
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.440 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/opt/tomcat
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.440 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/opt/tomcat
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.440 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/tomcat/temp
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.440 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: /usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.590 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.605 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read

14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.607 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.609 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.609 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Initialization processed in 555 ms
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.635 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service Catalina
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.635 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.39
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.645 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /opt/tomcat/webapps/geoserver
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.971 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /opt/tomcat/webapps/geoserver has finished in 325 ms
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.971 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /opt/tomcat/webapps/docs
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.988 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /opt/tomcat/webapps/docs has finished in 16 ms
14-Jan-2017 16:55:22.988 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /opt/tomcat/webapps/examples

14-Jan-2017 16:55:23.216 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /opt/tomcat/webapps/examples has finished in 228 ms
14-Jan-2017 16:55:23.216 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /opt/tomcat/webapps/manager
14-Jan-2017 16:55:23.313 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /opt/tomcat/webapps/manager has finished in 97 ms
14-Jan-2017 16:55:23.314 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /opt/tomcat/webapps/host-manager
14-Jan-2017 16:55:23.330 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /opt/tomcat/webapps/host-manager has finished in 16 ms
14-Jan-2017 16:55:23.330 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /opt/tomcat/webapps/ROOT
14-Jan-2017 16:55:23.342 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /opt/tomcat/webapps/ROOT has finished in 12 ms
14-Jan-2017 16:55:23.345 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
14-Jan-2017 16:55:23.350 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
14-Jan-2017 16:55:23.351 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 741 ms