I have a working application of labels to a point array - but the size of the text is not relative to the map scale. This decreases the readability of labels when panning and zooming.
To resolve~
How would one implement a text-size based on MapUnits?
field = str(csvGridFieldNames[index])
csvGrid = ftools_utils.getMapLayerByName(unicode('mfLayer1_Grid'))#str(activeLayer)))
textSize = 7
valLabel = QgsPalLayerSettings()
valLabel.readFromLayer(csvGrid)
valLabel.enabled = True
valLabel.fieldName = field
valLabel.placement= QgsPalLayerSettings.OverPoint
valLabel.setDataDefinedProperty(QgsPalLayerSettings.Size,True,True,'%f' %(textSize),'')
valLabel.writeToLayer(csvGrid)
iface.legendInterface().refreshLayerSymbology(csvGrid)
iface.mapCanvas().refresh()
This question appears related, but having some trouble understanding the doc's...
"...lables 'Data Defined' section in pyqgis"
...and FWIW:
A screen shot of the Qgis tool, with the two (needed) PyQgis settable parameters highlighted in green: 
Updates following underdark's advice:
Input syntax errors (on my part) are not raising error flags - but are also not implementing MapUnit based font/label size...
valLabel.SizeUnit = QgsPalLayerSettings.MapUnits
valLabel.setDataDefinedProperty(QgsPalLayerSettings.FontSizeUnit,True,True,':%f' %(textSize),'')
LAST UPDATE [SOLVED] (final working code below):
textSize = (abs(scale[0]-scale[1]))/4
valLabel = QgsPalLayerSettings()
valLabel.readFromLayer(csvGrid)
valLabel.enabled = True
valLabel.fontSizeInMapUnits = True
valLabel.fieldName = field
valLabel.placement = QgsPalLayerSettings.OverPoint
valLabel.setDataDefinedProperty(QgsPalLayerSettings.Size,True,True,'%f' %(textSize),'')
valLabel.writeToLayer(csvGrid)
iface.legendInterface().refreshLayerSymbology(csvGrid)
iface.mapCanvas().refresh()
Answer
Works for me:
valLabel=QgsPalLayerSettings()
valLabel.readFromLayer(iface.activeLayer())
valLabel.fontSizeInMapUnits=True // change to map units
valLabel.textFont.setPointSize(100000) // set font size
valLabel.writeToLayer(iface.activeLayer())
iface.mapCanvas().refresh()
For the data-defined way check QgsPalLayerSettings::DataDefinedProperties FontSizeUnit
and enum QgsPalLayerSettings::SizeUnit
Units used for option sizes, before being converted to rendered sizes.
Enumerator
Points
MM
MapUnits
Percent
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